Ubwiherero ni ubw'igikoresho cy'isuku mu bijyanye n'amazi n'ibikoresho byo mu nyubako. Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buhanga bw'ubu bwiherero ni uko hashyirwaho agakoresho ko gusukura ku mwenge wo hejuru w'umuyoboro w'amazi ufite ishusho ya S y'ubwiherero busanzwe, kimwe no gushyiraho aho kugenzura cyangwa aho gusukura ku muyoboro w'amazi kugira ngo hasukurwe ibintu byazibye. Nyuma y'uko ubwiherero buzibye, abakoresha bashobora gukoresha aka gakoresho ko gusukura kugira ngo bakuremo ibintu byazibye mu buryo bworoshye, bwihuse, kandi busukure, ibyo bikaba bihendutse kandi bifatika.
Ubwiherero, burangwa n'uburyo umubiri w'umuntu wicaramo iyo bukoreshejwe, bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwo gukaraba buziguye n'ubwoko bwa siphon hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukaraba (ubwoko bwa siphon bugabanijwemo ubwoko bwa jet siphon n'ubwoko bwa vortex siphon)
Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwo gutunganya no gutangaza
Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'imiterere
Ubwiherero bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubwiherero bugabanyijemo ibice n'ubwiherero bufatanye. Muri rusange, ubwiherero bugabanyijemo ibice bufata umwanya munini, mu gihe ubwiherero bufatanye bufata umwanya muto. Byongeye kandi, ubwiherero bugabanyijemo ibice bugomba kugira isura gakondo kandi buhendutse, mu gihe ubwiherero bufatanye bugomba kugaragara nk'ubushya kandi buhanitse, bufite igiciro kiri hejuru.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'aho amazi asohokera
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'aho amazi asohokera: aho amazi asohokera hasi (hazwi kandi ko ari aho amazi asohokera hasi) n'aho amazi asohokera inyuma (hazwi kandi ko ari aho amazi asohokera inyuma). Aho amazi asohokera hasi hagomba gukoreshwa, kandi igice cy'umuyoboro wa kabutura kigomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo gihuzwe n'aho amazi asohokera inyuma y'ubwiherero. Aho amazi asohokera hasi, hazwi kandi ko ari aho amazi asohokera hasi, hagomba gusa guhuza aho amazi asohokera mu bwiherero n'aho amazi asohokera inyuma iyo ukoreshejwe.
Uburyo bwo gukurura amazi mu byiciro
Ubwiherero bushobora kugabanywamo "direct flush" na "siphon" bitewe n'uburyo busohokamo.
Ubwoko bw'imiti yica udukoko
Ubwiherero bwo kwica udukoko, bufite inkingi yo hejuru ishinze imbere ku gipfundikizo cyo hejuru cy'umuzenguruko. Inkunga y'umuyoboro w'itara idahinduka ifite ishusho ya U, ifatanye n'inkingi yo hejuru kandi ishyizwe imbere ku gipfundikizo cyo hejuru cy'umuzenguruko. Umuyoboro w'itara rya ultraviolet rifite ishusho ya U ushyirwa hagati y'inkingi yo hejuru n'inkingi y'umuyoboro w'itara idahinduka, kandi inkingi y'umuyoboro w'itara idahinduka iri hejuru kuruta uburebure bw'umuyoboro w'itara rya ultraviolet rifite ishusho ya U; Uburebure bw'inkingi y'umuyoboro w'itara idahinduka ni uburebure bw'inkingi yo hejuru, kandi uburebure bw'umuyoboro wa microswitch K2 buri munsi cyangwa bungana n'uburebure bw'inkingi yo hejuru. Insinga ebyiri za pin z'umuyoboro w'itara rya ultraviolet rifite ishusho ya U n'insinga ebyiri za pin za microswitch K2 zihujwe n'uruziga rw'amashanyarazi. Uruziga rw'amashanyarazi rugizwe n'amashanyarazi agenzurwa, uruziga rwo gutinda, microswitch K1, n'uruziga rwo kugenzura. Ishyizwe mu gasanduku kameze nk'urukiramende, kandi insinga enye S1, S2, S3, na S4 zihujwe n'insinga ebyiri za pin z'umuyoboro w'itara rya ultraviolet rifite ishusho ya U n'insinga ebyiri za microswitch K2. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ujugunywa hanze y'agasanduku. Imiterere yayo ni yoroshye, ingaruka zo kuyirinda ni nziza, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa cyane mu bwiherero bw'amahoteli, resitora, resitora, n'inzego za leta. Izagira uruhare runini mu gukemura ikibazo cyo kuyirinda no kuyica udukoko mu bwiherero, gukumira kwandura bagiteri, no kurinda ubuzima bw'umubiri n'ubwo mu mutwe bw'abantu.
Ubwoko bworohereza amazi
Ubwiherero buzigama amazi burangwa no: aho amazi y’imyanda ari hepfo y’ubwiherero ahurira n’umuyoboro usohora amazi y’imyanda, kandi agace k’amazi gafunganye gafatanye n’igifuniko cyo hejuru cy’ubwiherero gashyirwa ku mwobo w’imyanda uri hepfo y’ubwiherero. Ubu bwiherero buzigama amazi bufite ubushobozi bwo kuzigama amazi kandi bugabanya isohoka ry’imyanda, bigagabanya neza abakozi, ibikoresho, n’amafaranga akenewe mu gutanga amazi, kuvoma no gutunganya imyanda.
Ibisabwa: Aubwiherero bukoresha amazi make, igizwe n'ubwiherero, agace ko gufunga, n'igikoresho cyo gusohora amazi, bigaragazwa n'uko: aho amazi asohoka mu mwenda w'imyanda ari hepfo y'ubwiherero hahujwe neza n'umuyoboro w'imyanda, kandi agace ko gufunga kimuka gashyirwa ku mwobo w'imyanda w'imyanda uri hepfo y'ubwiherero. Agace ko gufunga kimuka gashyirwa hepfo y'ubwiherero n'inkoni ihuza, ihujwe n'igipfundikizo cyo hejuru cy'ubwiherero binyuze mu nkoni izenguruka, kandi icyuma gifunga amazi cya piston gishyirwa imbere y'ubwiherero. Aho amazi yinjira mu gikoresho gifunga amazi cya piston gihujwe n'ikigega cyo kubika amazi, kandi hashyizweho valve yo guhagarika amazi imbere. Aho amazi asohoka mu gikoresho gifunga amazi cya piston gihujwe n'inkombe yo hejuru y'inkari binyuze mu muyoboro usohokamo amazi, kandi valve yo guhagarika amazi ishyirwa ku muyoboro usohokamo amazi. Umuyoboro w'amazi uhujwe n'indi myanda uhujwe n'umuyoboro w'imyanda hafi y'aho umuyoboro w'imyanda uhurira n'umuyoboro w'imyanda w'imyanda.
Ubwoko bwo kuzigama amazi
Umusarani urinda amazi. Igice cyo hasi cy'ubwiherero kirafunguye, kandi valve yo kwiyuhagira ishyirwamo imbere igafungwa n'impeta yo gufunga. Valve yo kwiyuhagira ishyizwe hasi y'ubwiherero ikoresheje imisumari n'ibice bifunga. Hari umutwe w'icyuma cyo kwiyuhagira hejuru y'imbere y'ubwiherero. Valve yo guhuza iherereye ku ruhande rw'ubwiherero munsi y'umufataniko kandi ifatanye n'umufataniko. Imiterere yoroshye, igiciro gito, ntikiziba, kandi igabanya amazi.
Imikorere myinshi
Ubwiherero bufite imikorere myinshi, cyane cyane ubushobora kumenya uburemere, ubushyuhe bw'umubiri, n'ingano y'isukari mu nkari. Ni sensor y'ubushyuhe ishyirwa ahantu hagenwe hejuru y'intebe; Igice cyo hasi cy'intebe zavuzwe haruguru gifite nibura igice kimwe cyo kumenya uburemere; sensor y'ubushyuhe mu nkari iherereye imbere mu gice cy'ubwiherero; Igice cyo kugenzura kigizwe n'igice cyo kugenzura gihindura ibimenyetso bya analog byoherezwa n'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe, igice cyo kumenya uburemere, n'icyuma gipima isukari mu nkari mo ibimenyetso byagenwe. Dukurikije ubu buvumbuzi, abantu ba none bashobora gupima byoroshye uburemere bwabo, ubushyuhe bw'umubiri, n'ingano y'isukari mu nkari bakoresheje ubwiherero nibura rimwe ku munsi.
Ubwoko bwo gutandukanya
Ubwiherero bugizwe n'amazi menshi, imbaraga zihagije zo gusohora amazi, ubwoko bwinshi, kandi ni igiciro gikunzwe cyane. Ubwiherero bugizwe n'amazi menshi asohoka mu mazi, afite urusaku rwinshi rwo gusohora amazi. Bitewe n'uko ikigega cy'amazi n'igice kinini gikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi, umusaruro uba munini. Uburyo bwo guhitamo hagati y'ibice bigizwe n'intera iri hagati y'ibice. Iyo ari nto cyane ugereranyije n'intera iri hagati y'ibice, muri rusange bifatwa nk'aho byubaka urukuta inyuma y'ubwiherero kugira ngo bikemure ikibazo. Amazi menshi akoreshwa mu gusohora amazi ni menshi, imbaraga zo gusohora amazi ni nyinshi, kandi birumvikana ko urusaku narwo ari rwinshi. Uburyo bwo gusohora amazi ntabwo ari bwiza nk'uburyo bufatanye.
Ifishi ihujwe
Ubwiherero buhujwe bufite imiterere igezweho, bufite amazi make ugereranije n'ikigega cy'amazi cyacitse. Bukoresha amazi menshi gato kandi muri rusange buhenze kurusha ikigega cy'amazi cyacitse. Ubwiherero buhujwe muri rusange ni sisitemu yo gusohora amazi yo mu bwoko bwa siphon ifite uburyo bwo gusohora amazi bucece. Bitewe n'uko ikigega cy'amazi gihujwe n'igice kinini cyo gutwika, biroroshye gutwika, bityo umusaruro uba muto. Bitewe n'amazi make y'ikigega cy'amazi, intera y'icyobo cy'ikigega cy'amazi muri rusange iba ngufi kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga zo gusohora amazi. Ihuriro ntirigengwa n'intera iri hagati y'ibyobo, igihe cyose iri munsi y'intera iri hagati y'amazu.
Ishyizwe ku rukuta
Ubwiherero bushyizwe ku nkuta bufite ibisabwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bitewe n’ikigega cy’amazi cyashyizwemo (ntigishobora gusanwa iyo cyangiritse), kandi igiciro ni nacyo gihenze cyane. Icyiza ni uko kidafata umwanya kandi gifite imiterere igezweho, ikoreshwa cyane mu mahanga. Ku bigega by’amazi byihishe by’ubwiherero, muri rusange, bifatanye, bigabanyijemo ibice, kandi byihishe bishobora kwangirika hatarimo icyo kigega cy’amazi. Impamvu nyamukuru ni ukwangirika guterwa no gusaza kw’ibikoresho byo mu kigega cy’amazi ndetse n’ibyangiritse guterwa no gusaza kw’ibikoresho bya kabutura.
Dukurikije ihame ryaubwiherero bwo gusukura amaziHari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ubwiherero ku isoko: ubwiherero butaziguye n'ubwiherero butaziguye. Ubwoko bwa siphon bugabanyijemo kandi ubwoko bwa siphon bwo mu bwoko bwa vortex n'ubwiherero bwo mu bwoko bwa jet. Ibyiza n'ibibi byabwo ni ibi bikurikira:
Ubwoko bw'ingufu zitaziguye
Umusarani wo mu bwoko bwa "direct flush toilet" ukoresha uburyo amazi atemba mu gusohora umwanda. Muri rusange, urukuta rwa pisine rurerure kandi ahantu ho kubika amazi ni hato, bityo ingufu za hydraulic ziba nyinshi. Ingufu za hydraulic zikikije impeta y'umusarani ziriyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo gusukura amazi ni bwinshi.
Ibyiza: Umuyoboro wo gusohora amazi mu bwiherero bworoshye, ufite inzira ngufi n'umurambararo munini (ubusanzwe santimetero 9 kugeza ku 10 z'umurambararo). Ushobora gukoresha imbaraga rukuruzi z'amazi kugira ngo woge amazi mu bwiherero, kandi inzira yo gusohora amazi ni ngufi. Ugereranyije n'ubwiherero bwo gusohora amazi mu bijyanye n'ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi, ubwiherero bwo gusohora amazi ntabwo bufite aho bugarukira kandi bukoresha uburyo bwo gusohora amazi mu buryo butaziguye, byoroshye gusohora umwanda munini. Ntabwo byoroshye guteza imbogamizi mu gihe cyo gusohora amazi, kandi nta mpamvu yo gutegura agaseke k'impapuro mu bwiherero. Mu bijyanye no kubungabunga amazi, ni byiza kandi kuruta ubwiherero bwo gusohora amazi mu buryo butaziguye.
Ingaruka mbi: Imbogamizi ikomeye y'ubwiherero bukoresha amazi asukuye ni urusaku rwinshi rwo gusohora amazi. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'ubuso buto bwo kubika amazi, gukurura amazi bishobora kubaho, kandi imikorere yo gukumira impumuro mbi ntabwo ari myiza nk'iyaubwiherero bwa siphonByongeye kandi, hari ubwoko buke bw'ubwiherero bukoresha amazi ataziguye ku isoko, kandi ubwoko bw'ubwiherero bukoreshwa ntabwo bungana n'ubw'ubwiherero bukoresha amazi ya siphon.
Ubwoko bwa Siphon
Imiterere y'ubwiherero bwo mu bwoko bwa siphon ni uko umuyoboro w'amazi uba ufite ishusho ya "Å". Nyuma y'uko umuyoboro w'amazi wujujwemo amazi, hazabaho itandukaniro runaka ku rugero rw'amazi. Amazi aturuka mu mazi ava mu muyoboro w'amazi mabi uri mu bwiherero azasohora ubwiherero. Bitewe nuko amazi ava mu bwiherero bwo mu bwoko bwa siphon ashingira ku mbaraga z'amazi atemba, ubuso bw'amazi muri pisine buba bunini kandi urusaku rwo kuvamo amazi ruba ruto. Umuyoboro wo mu bwoko bwa siphon nawo ushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: siphon yo mu bwoko bwa vortex na siphon yo mu bwoko bwa jet.
1) Vortex siphon
Ubwo bwoko bw'aho amazi asukurwa mu bwiherero buba buri ku ruhande rumwe rw'ubuso bw'ubwiherero. Iyo amazi asukurwa, amazi ahinduka umuyoboro ku rukuta rwa pisine, byongera imbaraga zo gusuka amazi ku rukuta rwa pisine ndetse byongera imbaraga zo gukurura siphon, bigatuma birushaho kuba byiza mu gusohora inyama z'imbere mu bwiherero.
2) Jet siphon
Hanogejwe byinshi ku bwiherero bwo mu bwoko bwa siphon, hongewemo umuyoboro wa spray ukoreshwa mu gusuka amazi mu nsi y'ubwiherero, uhujwe n'aho amazi asohokera hagati. Iyo amazi asukurwa, igice cy'amazi gisohoka mu mwobo ukwirakwiza amazi ukikije ubwiherero, hanyuma igice kigasurwa n'aho amazi asukurwa. Ubwo bwoko bw'ubwiherero bukoresha imbaraga nyinshi z'amazi zishingiye kuri siphon kugira ngo bukureho umwanda vuba.
Ibyiza: Akamaro gakomeye k'ubwiherero bwa siphon ni urusaku ruto rwo gusohora amazi, rwitwa mute. Ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi, ubwoko bwa siphon bworoshye gusohora umwanda ufatanye n'ubuso bw'ubwiherero kuko bufite ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi menshi kandi bugakingira impumuro nziza kurusha ubwoko bwa siphon. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubwiherero bwa siphon ku isoko, kandi hazabaho amahitamo menshi yo kugura ubwiherero.
Ingaruka mbi: Mu gihe woza ubwiherero bwa siphon, amazi agomba kunyuzwa ahantu harehare cyane mbere yuko umwanda ugezwa. Kubwibyo, hagomba kuba hari amazi runaka kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo koza. Nibura litiro 8 kugeza kuri 9 z'amazi zigomba gukoreshwa buri gihe, ibyo bikaba bisaba amazi menshi. Umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'amazi wo mu bwoko bwa siphon ni santimetero 56 gusa, ushobora kuziba byoroshye iyo woza, bityo impapuro z'ubwiherero ntizishobora gutabwa mu bwiherero. Gushyira ubwiherero bwo mu bwoko bwa siphon akenshi bisaba igitebo cy'impapuro n'umugozi.
1. Ingaruka zo gusohora amazi mu mwobo zishingiye ku muyoboro cyangwa imikorere y'aho usohoka mu mwobo ugana ku ruhande, kandi gusohora amazi mu mwobo ugaruka vuba bitera ikibazo cyo gusohora amazi mu mwobo. Utwo dupira twa Vortex tuzwiho ubuso bunini bufunze amazi kandi butuje cyane. Amazi akora ingaruka zo hagati mu mwobo akanda impande z'inyuma z'umuyoboro ukikije mu buryo bw'umurongo ugororotse, agakora umuyoboro hagati mu mwobo kugira ngo akure ibiri mu mwobo mu muyoboro w'amazi mabi. Iyi ngaruka zo gusohora amazi mu mwobo zifasha mu gusukura neza ubwiherero. Bitewe n'uko amazi agera mu mwobo, amazi ahita amanuka yerekeza aho usohoka, yihutisha ingaruka zo gusohora amazi kandi agasohora burundu umwanda.
2, Gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe Siphon ni kimwe mu bintu bibiri bikora siphon effect nta ruhushya. Bishingira ku buryo amazi yihuta aturuka ku gusuka amazi ava mu ntebe ajya mu bwiherero kugira ngo yuzuze umuyoboro usubiza amazi kandi atere siphon y'imyanda mu bwiherero. Ikiranga ni uko ifite ubuso buto bw'amazi ariko ifite intege nke mu rusaku. Kimwe no gusuka indobo y'amazi mu bwiherero, amazi yuzuza umuyoboro usubiza amazi, bigatuma amazi ava mu bwiherero vuba kandi bigatuma amazi menshi asohoka mu bwiherero adasohoka.
3, Jet siphon isa n'igitekerezo cy'ibanze cy'igishushanyo cy'umuyoboro wo kugarura amazi mu buryo bwa siphon, kikaba giteye imbere mu mikorere myiza. Umwobo wo kujugunya amazi menshi ugahita utera siphon gukora, utiriwe uzamura urwego ruri mu ndobo mbere yo gusohora ibirimo. Uretse gukora bucece, gutera siphon gutera amazi mu buryo bwa siphon binakora ubuso bunini bw'amazi. Amazi yinjira mu mwobo wo kujugunya amazi imbere y'intebe n'aho asubira, yuzura neza aho asubira, akora ikintu gikurura amazi, bigatuma amazi ava mu musarani vuba kandi akabuza amazi agaruka kuzamuka mu musarani.
4, Imiterere y'ubwoko bwo gusohora amazi ntabwo irimo ingaruka za siphon, ishingiye ku mbaraga ziterwa n'igitonyanga cy'amazi kugira ngo gisohore umwanda. Ibiranga ni urusaku rwinshi mu gihe cyo gusohora amazi, amazi mato kandi magufi, kandi bigoye koza umwanda no gutanga impumuro mbi.
